When may someone be listed in a bad-debtor file in Spain?

Only for a debt that is certain, due and payable, whose existence or amount has not been challenged before the authorities, a court or binding arbitration; where the creditor gave notice of that possibility in the contract or when asking for payment; while the non-payment lasts and for at most five years from the due date (article 20 of Spain's data protection act, LOPDGDD). Debts with a principal under fifty euros are not included (sixth additional provision of that act).

Who receives the removal request in Spain, and how long do they have to answer?

The company running the file (its details are in the letter that told you of the listing, or on its website), with a copy to the creditor that reported the debt. It has one month from receipt to answer, which it may extend by two more months in complex cases if it tells you so, and exercising these rights is free (article 12 GDPR). Keep the proof of sending and the reply.

What can you do in Spain if the file's company does not answer or refuses to erase the data?

Complain to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) through its online office, enclosing your request and any reply. The AEPD may first pass the complaint to the company's data protection officer, who has one month to answer. The AEPD also publishes free model forms for exercising these rights: you do not need DocMuse for that.

Request for removal from a bad-debtor file (Spain)

Name: Request for removal from a bad-debtor file (Spain)
Brand: DocMuse
SKU: solicitud-de-exclusion-de-fichero-de-morosos
Price: 1.38 EUR
Availability: InStock
Author: DocMuse

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For someone listed in Spain in a bad-debtor file such as ASNEF or Experian for a debt that is paid, does not exist, is disputed, was never notified, is over five years old or is under fifty euros. The letter exercises the right to erasure against the company running the file, asks for processing to be restricted while it checks, and points out the one-month deadline to answer (article 20 of Spain's data protection act, LOPDGDD, and articles 12 to 19 GDPR); a copy goes to the creditor. Exercising these rights is free, and the AEPD offers its own model forms. Send it by burofax or through the file's written channel. In Spanish.

Made for use in Spain
Last updated October 20, 2026

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1 page

Published byDocMuse

When to use this document

A bank in Spain turns down your loan because you are on ASNEF and you do not know for what debt.
You paid the debt months ago and you are still on the bad-debtor list in Spain.
A phone company in Spain listed you over a bill you dispute and never asked you to pay.
You want to get off a bad-debtor file in Spain such as ASNEF or Experian.

What you fill in

The details the document asks for.

Sender
Sender's address
Sender's DNI or NIE (Spanish identity number)
How the letter is sent (printed above the recipient)
Company running the bad-debtor file (name)
The company's address for data rights requests, as it publishes it
City
Date
Creditor
Amount shown in the file (figures)
Ground for the request
Facts and documents in support (e.g. date of payment)

Common questions

When may someone be listed in a bad-debtor file in Spain?: Only for a debt that is certain, due and payable, whose existence or amount has not been challenged before the authorities, a court or binding arbitration; where the creditor gave notice of that possibility in the contract or when asking for payment; while the non-payment lasts and for at most five years from the due date (article 20 of Spain's data protection act, LOPDGDD). Debts with a principal under fifty euros are not included (sixth additional provision of that act).
Who receives the removal request in Spain, and how long do they have to answer?: The company running the file (its details are in the letter that told you of the listing, or on its website), with a copy to the creditor that reported the debt. It has one month from receipt to answer, which it may extend by two more months in complex cases if it tells you so, and exercising these rights is free (article 12 GDPR). Keep the proof of sending and the reply.
What can you do in Spain if the file's company does not answer or refuses to erase the data?: Complain to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) through its online office, enclosing your request and any reply. The AEPD may first pass the complaint to the company's data protection officer, who has one month to answer. The AEPD also publishes free model forms for exercising these rights: you do not need DocMuse for that.

How you can sign this document

Print it and sign by hand. The signature lines in the document are left blank on purpose — sign on them in ink.
Sign it yourself with a qualified electronic signature. If you already hold a QES — Evrotrust, B-Trust, StampIT, ZealiD or any qualified provider on the EU Trusted List, on a card, a USB token, in a mobile app or in the cloud — our signing guide explains step by step how to sign this exact file without invalidating it. Step-by-step help, and a way to check it worked

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